What are the characteristics of special steel?
2024-08-21
Special steel refers to the special chemical composition (alloying), the use of special process production, with special organization and performance, to meet the special needs of steel. The following is detailed information about special steel:
1. Definition and Classification
Definition: Special steel usually refers to steel with special composition, special production process, special organization and performance in addition to ordinary steel.
Classification: According to the purpose, special steel can be divided into carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, carbon tool steel, alloy tool (die) steel, high-speed tool steel, bearing steel, spring steel (carbon spring steel and alloy spring steel), stainless steel (heat resistance, acid resistance) eight categories.
2. features
High purity: By reducing the content of gas and inclusions (including low melting point metal inclusions) in steel, the purity of steel is improved, thereby improving the performance of steel.
High uniformity: modern production process to achieve a high level of uniformity of steel, such as car gear steel hardenability with fluctuations of ± 3HRC, bearing steel after quenching grain size is spherical and size fluctuations of 0.8±0.2 μm.
Ultrafine structure: Ultrafine structure strengthening is an important mechanism to increase the strength of steel without reducing toughness. For example, the grain of high-strength stainless steel AFC77 is refined to 2.3 μm, and its fracture toughness KIC is increased from 100 to 220MPa · m.
High precision: Special steel has good surface quality and narrow dimensional tolerances. Such as the precision of hot-rolled steel bar has reached ± 0.1mm, the thickness tolerance of cold-rolled coil has reached ± 0.003mm.
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